Volume 3, Issue 2 (JUNE ISSUE 2022)                   johepal 2022, 3(2): 29-51 | Back to browse issues page


XML Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Sage R. (2022). A New Woke Religion: Are Universities to Blame?. johepal. 3(2), 29-51. doi:10.52547/johepal.3.2.29
URL: http://johepal.com/article-1-214-en.html
Abstract:   (3167 Views)
This article argues that in haste to define people as victims, from specific identities like race, a new woke religion is giving an interesting world a malign image. Higher Education (HE) promotes woke agendas that narrow debates and confine curricula content, by dismissing thinking and action that does not align with new identity policy and practice. This is the roar of “smug, entitled mediocrities”, says Burchill (2021). The word woke is discussed and how HE uses it to limit opportunities, damage relationships and foster divisions with disastrous results. Woke-speak robs people of individuality and decency.  Education, with a duty to fit students for life and work, should also have a role in developing personal awareness, responsibility and ideas of citizenship. To achieve this, governing systems need radical overhaul to minimise human divisions and improve life quality. HE must take a lead by promoting both instrumental and intrinsic values. In moral philosophy, these values are the distinction between what is a means to an end and what is an end in itself.
Full-Text [PDF 1797 kb]   (4028 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2021/11/2 | Accepted: 2022/05/25 | Published: 2022/06/30

References
1. Abrahams, D. (2022). A new model of workplace learning. In R. Sage & R. Matteucci (Eds.). How world events are changing education (pp. 49-52). Brill Academic Publishers. [DOI]
2. Adams, N. (2022). Preparing for work. In R. Sage & R. Matteucci (Eds.). How world events are changing education (pp.46-48). Brill Academic Publishers. [DOI]
3. Aronowitz, S. (2004). Against schooling: Education and social class. Social Text, 22(2),13-35.
4. Arum, R., & Roksa, J. (2011). Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses. The University of Chicago Press.
5. Badu, E. (2019). Erykah Badu New Amerykah Part One. Master Teacher Medley – YouTube, by Universal Music Group, 7 February, 2019.
6. Bathmaker, A. M., Ingram, N., & Waller, R. (2013). Higher education, social class and the mobilisation of capitals: Recognising and playing the game. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 34(5-6),723-743. [DOI]
7. Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.) Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241-258). Greenwood.
8. Bourdieu, P. (1998). Practical reason: On the theory of action. Stanford University Press.
9. Bourdieu, P. (2000). Participant objectivation: Breaching the boundary between anthropology and sociology—how? (Huxley Memorial Lecture 2000). Paper presented at the Royal Anthropological Institute. London: University College.
10. Brennan, J. (2004). The social role of the contemporary university: Contradictions, boundaries and change. Ten Years On: Changing Education in a Changing World. Centre for Higher Education Research and Information (CHERI). Buckingham: The Open University Press.
11. Brock, A. L. (2020). Black joy on Black Twitter: An in-conversation with André Brock. [Article]
12. Bronfenbrenner, U. (2009). The Ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.
13. Brooks, D. (2017). How cool works in America today. The New York Times. [Article]
14. Burchill, J. (2021). Welcome to the work trials: How #identity killed progressive politics. Academica Press.
15. Burke, P. J. (2012). The right to higher education: Beyond widening participation. Routledge.
16. Chapman, C., Laird, J., Ifill, N., & KewalRamani, A. (2011). Trends in High School Dropout and Completion Rates in the United States: 1972-2009. Compendium Report. NCES 2012-006. U.S. Department of Education: National Center for Education Statistics. [Article]
17. Chatterton, P. (2022). The rise and rise of digital learning in higher education. In R. Sage & R. Matteucci (Eds), How world events are changing education, (pp. 177-196). Brill Academic Publishers. [DOI]
18. Cobello, S., & Milli, E. (2022). Sociological aspects of educational robotics. In R. Sage & R. Matteucci (Eds), How world events are changing education, (pp. 150-158). Brill Academic Publishers. [DOI]
19. Coffield, F. (1999). Breaking the consensus: Lifelong learning as social control. British Educational Research Journal, 25(4), 479-499. [DOI]
20. Cogan, J. J., & Derricott, R. (Eds.) (2014). Citizenship for the 21st century: An international perspective on education. Routledge.
21. Collins, R. (1979). The credential society: An historical sociology of education and stratification. Academic Press.
22. Council of Europe (2004). All-European study on education for democratic citizenship policies. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing. [Article]
23. Dall’Alba, G., & Barnacle, R. (2007). An ontological turn for higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 32(6), 679-691. [DOI]
24. Deutsch, D. (2013). A constructor theory. History and Philosophy of Physics. [DOI]
25. Diamond, A., Walkley, L., & Scott-Davies, S. (2011). Global graduates into global leaders. London: Council for Industry and Higher Education (CIHE). [Article]
26. Dore, R. (1997). Reflections on the diploma disease twenty years later. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 4(1), 189-206. [DOI]
27. Dorling, D. (2015). Injustice: Why social inequality still persists (2nd ed.). Policy Press.
28. Douthat, R. (2015). The term coined in 2015 and explained in The Rise of Woke capitalism. The New York Times. [Article]
29. Douthat, R. G. (2005). Privilege: Harvard and the education of the ruling class. Hyperion Books.
30. Durkheim, É. (2006) Education: Its nature and its role. In H. Lauder, P. Brown, J. A. Dillabough, & A. H. Halsey (Eds.), Education, globalisation, and social change (pp. 76-87). Oxford University Press.
31. Ebner, J. (2022) University-school partnerships: Scholars in residence within a school. In R. Sage & R. Matteucci (Eds). How world events are changing education (pp. 80-89). Brill Academic Publishers. [DOI]
32. Entwistle, N. J., & Peterson, E. R. (2004). Conceptions of learning and knowledge in higher education: Relationships with study behaviour and influences of learning environments. International Journal of Educational Research, 41(6), 407-428. [DOI]
33. Evans, K., Hodkinson, P., & Unwin, L. (Eds.) (2002). Working to learn: Transforming learning in the workplace. Routledge.
34. Frath, P. (2022). Imaginative alternatives to the ‘Macabre Constant’. In R. Sage & R. Matteucci (Eds.), How world events are changing education. (pp. 90-103). Brill Academic Publishers. [DOI]
35. Freire, P. (2009). Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th Anniversary Edition). Bloomsbury.
36. Ganding, L. A., & Apple, M. W. (2002). Can education challenge neoliberalism? The citizen school and the struggle for democracy in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Social Justice, 29(4), 26-40.
37. Garland, C. (2008). The McDonaldization of higher education?: Notes on the UK experience. Fast Capitalism 4(1), 107-110. [DOI]
38. Garvey, M. (1986). The philosophy and opinions of Marcus Garvey, or, Africa for the Africans. The Majority Press.
39. Glendinning, I. (2022). Academic integrity: Research from world studies. In R. Sage & R. Matteucci (Eds), How world events are changing education (pp. 123-137). Brill International Press. [DOI]
40. Goedegebuure, L., Kaiser, F., Maassen, P., Meek, L., van Vught, F., & de Weert, E. (Eds.) (2014). Higher education policy: An international comparative perspective. Pergamon Press.
41. Graham, G. (2013). The university: A critical comparison of three ideal types. In R. Sugden, M. Valania, & J. R. Wilson (Eds.), Leadership and cooperation in academia: Reflecting on the roles and responsibilities of university faculty and management (pp. 1-16). Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. [DOI]
42. Greenbank, P., & Hepworth, S. (2008). Working class students and the career decision-making process: A qualitative study. Manchester: Higher Education Careers Service Unit (HECSU). [Article]
43. Hayes, D., & Wynyard, R. (Eds.) (2006). The McDonaldization of higher education. IAP Press.
44. Hegel, G. (1977). Hegel’s phenomenology of spirit. Translated by A. V. Miller. Oxford University Press.
45. Heidegger, M. (1998). Plato’s doctrine of truth. In W. McNeill (Ed.), Pathmarks (pp. 155-182). Translated by Thomas Sheehan. Cambridge University Press.
46. Heidegger, M., & Krell, D. F. (2010). Basic writings: Martin Heidegger. Routledge Classics.
47. Heinze, T., & Knill, C. (2008). Analysing the differential impact of the Bologna process: Theoretical considerations on national conditions for international policy convergence. Higher Education, 56(4), 493-510. [DOI]
48. Herder, J. (2002). Herder: Philosophical Writings (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy) (M. Forster, Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [DOI]
49. Hess, A. (2016). Earning the ‘Woke’ Badge. The New York Times Magazine. [Article]
50. Hess, F. M. (2004). Common sense school reform. St. Martin’s Griffin Press.
51. Hunter, C. P. (2013). Shifting themes in OECD country reviews of higher education. Higher Education, 66(6), 707-723. [DOI]
52. James, S. (2022). Prioritising values to prepare for life. In R. Sage & R. Matteucci (Eds.). How world events are changing education (pp. 138-149). Brill Academic Publishers. [DOI]
53. Karabel, J. (2005). The chosen: The hidden history of admission and exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton. Houghton Mifflin Company.
54. Kozol, J. (2005). The shame of the nation: The restoration of apartheid schooling in America. Crown Publishing Group.
55. Kozol, J. (2012). Savage inequalities: Children in America's schools. Broadway Paperbacks.
56. Kumar M. (2017). Importance of intrinsic and instrumental value of education in Pakistan. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 4(2), 177-199. [Article]
57. Livingstone, D. W. (Ed.) (2009). Education & jobs: Exploring the gaps. University of Toronto Press.
58. Livingstone, D. W., & Stowe, S. L. (2007). Class, race, space, and unequal educational outcomes in the United States: Beyond dichotomies. In J. L. Kincheloe, & S. R. Steinberg (Eds.), Cutting class: Socioeconomic status and education (pp. 97-119). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
59. Lopez Bunyasi, T., & Smith, C. W. (2019). Stay woke: A people’s guide to making all Black lives matter. New York University Press.
60. Lorenz, C. (2006). Will the universities survive the European integration? Higher education policies in the EU and in the Netherlands before and after the Bologna declaration. Sociologia Internationalis, 44(1), 123-151.
61. Lowe, J. (2000). International examinations: The new credentialism and reproduction of advantage in a globalising world. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 7(3), 363-377. [DOI]
62. MacEoin, D., & Green, D. G. (2009). Sharia law or ‘one law for all?’. The Cromwell Press Group.
63. Määttä, K., & Uusiautti, S. (Eds.) (2014). Early child care and education in Finland. Routledge.
64. Marcuse, H. (1969). An essay on liberation. Beacon Press.
65. Matteucci, R. (2022). The maker faire: Opportunities for innovators. In R. Sage & R. Matteucci (Eds.), How world events are changing education (pp. 223-231). Brill Academic Publishers. [DOI]
66. Maxwell, T. W., & Shanahan, P. J. (2001). Professional doctoral education in Australia and New Zealand: Reviewing the scene. In B. Green, T. W. Maxwell, & P. Shanahan (Eds.), Doctoral education and professional practice: The next generation? (pp. 17-38). Kardoorair Press.
67. McCormack, M. B., & Legal-Miller, A. (2019). All over the world like a fever: Martin Luther King Jr.'s world house and the movement for black lives in the United States and United Kingdom. In V. L. Crawford, & L. V. Baldwin (Eds.), Reclaiming the great world house: The global vision of Martin Luther King Jr (pp. 254-282). University of Georgia Press. [DOI]
68. McGrath, T. (2019). Woke: A guide to social justice. Constable.
69. McGregor, G. (2022). Additional learning needs: Hearing development. In R. Sage & R. Matteucci (Eds.), How world events are changing education (pp. 159-172). Brill International Press. [DOI]
70. McWhorter, J. (2021). How 'woke' became an insult. The New York Times. [Article]
71. Merriam-Webster (2021). Definition of woke. [Article]
72. Messenger, C. (2002). The Godfather and American culture: How the Corleones became “our gang”. State University of New York Press.
73. Milburn, A. (2013). State of the Nation 2013. [Article]
74. Mirzaei, A. (2019). Where ‘woke’ came from and why marketers should think twice before jumping on the social activism bandwagon. The Conversation. [Article]
75. Mokyr, J. (2002). The gifts of Athena: Historical origins of the knowledge economy. Princeton University Press.
76. Morgan, M. (2020). “We don't play”: Black women's linguistic authority across race, class, and gender. In H. S. Alim, A. Reyes, & P. V. Kroskrity (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of language and race (pp. 261-290). Oxford: Oxford University Press. [DOI]
77. Negus, E. (2022). Conversational intelligence: The basis of creativity: Learning from others. In R. Sage & R. Matteucci (Eds.), How world events are changing education (pp. 65-79). Brill Academic Publishers. [DOI]
78. Newman, J., & Turner, F. (1996). The idea of a university. Yale University Press.
79. Nussbaum, M. C. (1998). Cultivating humanity: A classical defense of reform in liberal education. Harvard University Press.
80. O'Neill, B. (2018). Anti-woke: Selected essays by Brendan O’Neill. Connor Court Publishing Pty, Ltd.
81. Poole, S. (2019). From woke to gammon: Buzzwords by the people who coined them. The Guardian. [Article]
82. Roberts, A. (2018). Churchill: Walking with destiny. VIKING.
83. Robinson K., & Aronica, L. (2009). The element: How finding your passion changes everything. Penguin Books.
84. Romano, A. (2020). A history of “wokeness”. Stay woke: How a Black activist watchword got co-opted in the culture war. Vox. [Article]
85. Romero, J. E. (2022). Foreword. In R. Sage & R. Matteucci (Eds.), How world events are changing education (pp. xiii-xiv). Brill Academic Publishers.
86. Sage, R. (2000). Communication & Learning PG Course. School of Education: University of Leicester 2000-6. In R. Sage (Ed.) (2020), Speechless: Understanding education. The University of Buckingham Press.
87. Sage, R. (2020a) Speechless: Understanding education. The University of Buckingham Press.
88. Sage, R. (2020b) Third Generation Doctorates: The Practitioner Model: Policy for Educator Evidence in Portfolios (PEEP), EC Evaluation Report, Project Number: 521454-LLP-1-2011-1-UK-KA1-KA1ECETB. Grant Agreement: 2011 – 4133 / 008 - Sub-prog or KA: Key Activity 1: Policy Co-operation & Innovation. Report to the European Commission, 2016.
89. Sage, R. (2021). Issues about diversity. Presentation to the Diversity Forum, Westminster 8 October, 2021 (unpublished to date).
90. Sage, R., & Matteucci, R. (2022). Teaching with technology. (In press)
91. Sage, R., & Matteucci, R. (Eds.) (2019). The robots are here: Learning to live with them. The Buckingham University Press.
92. Sage, R., & Mattueccci, R. (Eds.) (2022). How world events are changing education. Brill Academic Publishers.
93. Sage, R., Rogers, J., & Cwenar, S. (2002-10). Dialogue, Innovation, Achievement & Learning Studies, 1, 2, 3. Preparing the 21st Century Citizen. University of Leicester & The National Corporation of Universities, Japan. Leicester: Pub. University of Leicester.
94. Saito, M. (2003). Amartya Sen’s capability approach to education: A critical exploration. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 37(1), 17-33. [DOI]
95. Schleicher, A. (2020). Preparing the next generation for their future, not our past. The New Statesman. [Article]
96. Schön, D. A. (1987). Educating the reflective practitioner: Toward a new design for teaching and learning in the professions. Jossey-Bas.
97. Sen, A. (1985). Commodities and capabilities. North-Holland.
98. Sen, A. (1993). Capability and well-being. In M. Nussbaum & A. Sen (Eds.), The quality of life (pp. 30-53). Oxford University Press. [DOI]
99. Shapiro, H. T. (2005). A larger sense of purpose: Higher education and society. Princeton University Press.
100. Smith, B. (2021). It’s time to take Bernard-Henri Lévy seriously: A close reading of the philosophical career, and influence, of France’s most ridiculed public intellectual. Foreign Policy. [Article]
101. Smith, J. D. (1980). A different view of slavery: Black historians attack the proslavery argument, 1890-1920. The Journal of Negro History, 65(4), 298-311. [DOI]
102. Statistics-NHS England (2020). Statistics. [Article]
103. Stephens, N. M., Brannon, T. N., Markus, H. R., & Nelson, J. E. (2015). Feeling at home in college: Fortifying school‐relevant selves to reduce social class disparities in higher education. Social Issues and Policy Review, 9(1), 1-24. [DOI]
104. Stone, P. (2013) Access to higher education by the luck of the draw. Comparative Education Review, 57(3), 577-599. [DOI]
105. Sullivan, A. (2018). America’s new religions. Intelligencer. [Article]
106. Takala, M., Wickman, K., Uusitalo-Malmivaara, L., & Lundström, A. (2015). Becoming a special educator - Finnish and Swedish students’ views on their future professions. Education Inquiry, 6(1), 25-51. [DOI]
107. Taylor, M. (2011). Reform the PhD system or close it down. Nature, 472, 261. [DOI]
108. The Economist (2021). How has the meaning of the word “woke” evolved? The Economist. [Article]
109. Thomas, T. (2021). ‘Woke’ culture is a threat to protest songs, says Don Letts. The Guardian. [Article]
110. Thomson, I. (2001). Heidegger on ontological education, or: How we become what we are. Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy, 44(3), 243-268. [DOI]
111. Tomusk, V. (2004). Three bolognas and a pizza pie: Notes on institutionalization of the European higher education system. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 14(1), 75-96. [DOI]
112. Unterhalter, E. (2005). Global inequality, capabilities, social justice: The millennium development goal for gender equality in education. International Journal of Educational Development, 25(2), 111-122. [DOI]
113. Walker, M., & Unterhalter, E. (Eds.) (2007). Amartya Sen’s capability approach and social justice in education. Palgrave Macmillan.
114. Walters, D. (2004) A comparison of the labour market outcomes of postsecondary graduates of various levels and fields over a four-cohort period. The Canadian Journal of Sociology, 29(1), 1-27. [DOI]
115. Waters, T. (2012). Schooling, childhood and bureaucracy: Bureaucratizing the child. Palgrave Macmillan.
116. Webster, E. (2022). Creativity for creativity. In R. Sage & R. Matteucci (Eds.), How world events are changing education (pp. 57-64). Brill Academic Press. [DOI]

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2024 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Journal of Higher Education Policy And Leadership Studies

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb