1. Barber, M. (2008). Instruction to deliver: Fighting to transform Britain's public services. Methuen.
2. Bastedo, M. N. (2007). Sociological frameworks for higher education policy research. In P. J. Gumport (Ed.), Sociology of higher education: Contributions and their contexts (pp. 295-316). Johns Hopkins University Press.
3. Baumgartner, F. R., & Jones B. D. (1991). Agenda dynamics and policy subsystems. The Journal of Politics, 53(4), 1044-1074. [
DOI]
4. Bell, S. (2002). Institutionalism: Old and new. In J. Summers, D. Woodward, & A. Parkin (Eds.), Government, politics, power and policy in Australia (pp. 363-380). Pearson Education Australia. [
Article]
5. Bertolin, J., & Leite, D. (2008). Quality evaluation of the Brazilian higher education system: Relevance, diversity, equity and effectiveness. Quality in Higher Education, 14(2), 121-133. [
DOI]
6. Beverwijk, J. M. R. (2005). The genesis of a system: coalition formation in Mozambican higher education, 1993-2003. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Twente Enschede.
7. Bologna Declaration. (1999, June 19). Joint declaration of the European Ministers of Education. The European Higher Education Area. [
Article]
8. Brodkin, E. Z. (2012). Reflections on street-level bureaucracy: Past, present, and future [Review of Street-level bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the individual in public services, 30th anniversary expanded ed., by M. Lipsky]. Public Administration Review, 72(6), 940-949. [
DOI]
9. Chamorro-Premuzic, T., & Frankiewicz, B. (2019, January 14). Does higher education still prepare people for jobs? Harvard Business Review. [
Article]
10. Christensen, T. (2011). University governance reforms: potential problems of more autonomy? Higher Education 62(4), 503-517. [
DOI]
11. Clark, B. R. (1998). Creating entrepreneurial universities: Organizational pathways of transformation. International Association of Universities and Elsevier Science Ltd.
12. Clark, B. R. (1983). The contradictions of change in academic systems. Higher Education, 12(1), 101-116. [
DOI]
13. Collins, S. B. (2016). The space in the rules: Bureaucratic discretion in the administration of Ontario works. Social Policy and Society, 15(2), 221-235. [
DOI]
14. Ellis, K. (2011). ‘Street‐level bureaucracy’ revisited: The changing face of frontline discretion in adult social care in England. Social Policy and Administration, 45(3), 221-244. [
DOI]
15. Enders, J. (2007). The academic profession. In J. J. F. Forest, & P.G. Altbach (Eds.), International handbook of higher education (pp. 5-21). Springer. [
DOI]
16. Etzkowitz, H., & Zhou, C. (2009). Evolution of the university’s role in innovation and the new Asia model. In J. Douglass, J. King, & I. Feller (Eds.), Globalization’s muse: Universities and higher education systems in a changing world (pp. 229-247). Berkeley Public Policy Press.
17. Eurydice. (2014). Modernisation of higher education in Europe: Access, retention and employability. European Commission.
18. Modernisation of Higher Education in Europe: Access, Retention and Employability Elektronische Ressource. (2014). Belgium: European Commission.
19. Ferlie, E., Musselin, C., & Andresani, G. (2009). The governance of higher education systems: A public management perspective. In C. Paradeise, E. Reale, I. Bleiklie, & E. Ferlie (Eds.), University governance: Western European comparative perspective (pp. 1-19). Springer. [
DOI]
20. Gilson, L. (2015). Lipsky’s street level bureaucracy. In E. Page, M. Lodge, & S. Balla (Eds). Oxford handbook of the classics of public policy. Oxford University Press.
21. Gornitzka, Å., Kyvik, S., & Stensaker, B. (2005). Implementation analysis in higher education. In A. Gornitzka, M. Kogan, & A. Amaral (Eds.), Reform and change in higher education: Analysing policy implementation (pp. 35-56). Springer. [
DOI]
22. Harvey, L., & Williams, J. (2010). Fifteen years of quality in higher education (Part Two). Quality in Higher Education, 16(2), 81-113. [
DOI]
23. Hess, F. (2013). The missing half of school reform. National Affairs. [
Article]
24. Hodgkinson, M., & Kelly, M. (2007). Quality management and enhancement processes in UK business schools: A review. Quality Assurance in Education, 15(1), 77-91. [
DOI]
25. Hoyle, L. (2014). ‘I mean, obviously you're using your discretion’: Nurses use of discretion in policy implementation. Social Policy and Society, 13(2), 189-202. [
DOI]
26. Hudson, J., & Lowe, S. (2009), Understanding the policy process: Analysing welfare policy and practice (2nd ed.). The Policy Press.
27. Khelifi, S. (2017) Interplay between politics and institutions in higher education reforms: The Bologna Process reforms (LMD) in Tunisia as a case study. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Manouba University, Tunisia.
28. Khelifi, S., & Triki, M. (2020). Use of discretion on the front line of higher education policy reform: The case of quality assurance reforms in Tunisia. Higher Education, 80(3), 531-548. [
DOI]
29. Lipsky, M. (2010). Street-level bureaucracy, 30th ann. ed.: Dilemmas of the individual in public service. Russell Sage Foundation.
30. Mahoney, J., & Thelen, K. A. (Eds.). (2010). Explaining institutional change: Ambiguity, agency, and power. Cambridge University Press.
31. Marginson, S. (2009). Global imaginings and strategies in higher education. Paper presented at International Studies Association Conference on Constituting the Knowledge Economy: Governing the new regional spaces of higher education.
32. Marginson, S., & Considine, M. (2000). The enterprise university: Power, governance and reinvention in Australia. Cambridge University Press.
33. Maynard-Moody, S., & Musheno, M. (2000). State agent or citizen agent: two narratives of discretion. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10(2), 329-358. [
DOI]
34. Mikkola, A., Carapinha, B., Tück, C., Sithigh, D. M., Aberg, N. G., & Brus, S. (2007). Bologna with Student Eyes. The National :union:s of Students in Europe. [
Article]
35. Musselin. C., & Paradeise C. (2009). France: From incremental transitions to institutional change. In C. Paradeise, E. Reale, I. Bleiklie, & E. Ferlie (Eds.), University governance: Western European comparative perspective (pp. 21-49). Springer. [
DOI]
36. Paradeise, C., Reale, E., Goastellec, G., & Bleiklie, I. (2009). Universities steering between stories and history. In C. Paradeise, E. Reale, I. Bleiklie, & E. Ferlie (Eds.), University governance: Western European comparative perspective (pp. 227-246). Springer. [
DOI]
37. Pehar, D. (2001). Use of ambiguities in peace agreements. In J. Kurbalija, & H. Slavik (Eds.), Language and diplomacy (pp. 163-200). DiploProjects.
38. Readings, B. (1996). The university in ruins. Harvard University Press.
39. Rhoades, G. (2007). The study of the academic profession. In P. J. Gumport (Ed.), Sociology of higher education: Contributions and their contexts (pp 113-146). The Johns Hopkins University Press.
40. Sabatier, P. (2005). From policy implementation to policy change: A personal odyssey. In Å. Gornitzka, M. Kogan, & A. Amaral, (Eds.), Reform and change in higher education: Analysing policy implementation (pp. 17-34). Springer. [
DOI]
41. Sabatier, P. A., & Jenkins-Smith, H. C. (Eds.). (1993). Policy change and learning: An advocacy coalitions approach. Westview Press.
42. Santiago, R., Carvalho, T., & Sousa, S. (2015). NPM reforms and professionals in health and higher education in Portugal. International Journal of Public Administration, 38(11), 757-768. [
DOI]
43. Schäfer, A. (2006). A new form of governance? Comparing the open method of coordination to multilateral surveillance by the IMF and the OECD. Journal of European Public Policy, 13(1), 70-88. [
DOI]
44. Schapper, J., & Mayson, S. (2005). Managerialism, internationalization, Taylorization and the deskilling of academic work: Evidence from an Australian university. In P. Ninnes, & M. Hellstén (Eds.), Internationalizing higher education: Critical explorations of pedagogy and policy (pp. 181-197). Springer.
45. Scharpf, F. W. (1997). Games real actors play: Actor-centered institutionalism in policy research. Westview Press.
46. Sin, C., & Amaral, A. (2017). Academics’ and employers’ perceptions about responsibilities for employability and their initiatives towards its development. Higher Education, 73(1), 97-111. [
DOI]
47. Slaughter, S., & Rhoades, G. (2004). Academic capitalism and the new economy: Markets, state, and higher education. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
48. Sursock, A. (2015). Trends 2015: Learning and teaching in European universities. European University Association. [
Article]
49. Taylor, I., & Kelly, J. (2006). Professionals, discretion and public sector reforms in the UK: Re-visiting Lipsky. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 19(7), 629-642. [
DOI]
50. Teichler, U. (2011). Bologna - Motor or stumbling block for the mobility and employability of graduates? In H. Schomburg, & U. Teichler (Eds.), Employability and mobility of bachelor graduates in Europe: Key results of the Bologna process (pp. 3-41). Sense Publishers.
51. Tummers, L., Vermeeren, B., Steijn, B., & Bekkers, V. (2012). Public professionals and policy implementation: Conceptualizing and measuring three types of role conflicts. Public Management Review, 14(8), 1041-1059. [
DOI]
52. Vaira, M. (2004). Globalization and higher education organizational change: A framework for analysis. Higher Education, 48(4), 483-510. [
DOI]
53. Vedung, E. (2015). Autonomy and street-level bureaucrats’ coping strategies. Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy, 2015(2), 28643. [
DOI]
54. Veiga, A. (2012). Bologna 2010. The moment of truth? European Journal of Education, 47(3), 378-391. [
DOI]
55. Venkatraman, S. (2007). A framework for implementing TQM in higher education programs. Quality Assurance in Education, 15(1), 92-112. [
DOI]
56. Viennet, R., & Pont, B. (2017). Education Policy Implementation: A Literature and Proposed Framework. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 162. OECD Publishing. [
DOI]
57. Wastell, D., White, S., Broadhurst, K., Peckover, S. & Pithouse, A. (2010). Children’s services in the iron cage of performance management: Street-level bureaucracy and the spectre of Švejkism. International Journal of Social Welfare, 19(3), 310-320. [
DOI]
58. Witte, J. K. (2006). Change of degrees and degrees of change: Comparing adaptations of European higher education systems in the context of the Bologna process (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Twente, Enschede. [
Article]
59. Zedekia, S. (2017). Street level bureaucrats as the ultimate policy makers. Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs, 5(4), 306. [
DOI]