en تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <ul> <li style="margin-left: 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Source Sans Pro;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"></span><span lang="EN-US">VR/AI</span><span lang="EN-US">‑</span><span lang="EN-US">supported environments significantly outperform traditional role</span><span lang="EN-US">‑play in developing leadership competencies among business students.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="margin-left: 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Source Sans Pro;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"></span><span lang="EN-US">Students reported higher competence gains (very large effect size, d = 1.82), stronger engagement, and deeper practical understanding through VR/AI training.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="margin-left: 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Source Sans Pro;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"></span><span lang="EN-US">Immersive, interactive technologies bridge the gap between theory and practice, preparing learners more effectively for real</span><span lang="EN-US">‑world leadership challenges.</span></span></span></span></li> <li style="margin-left: 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Source Sans Pro;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"></span><span lang="EN-US">Findings provide evidence</span><span lang="EN-US">‑based recommendations for integrating VR/AI into higher education curricula while noting ethical and access considerations.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri Light&quot;,sans-serif"></span></span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> Leadership Competencies, Immersive Learning Environment, Higher Education, Virtual Reality (VR), Artificial Intelligence (AI) 183 191 http://johepal.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1021-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Christopher Paul 10031947532846003734 10031947532846003734 No Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University (DHBW) Mannheim Andrea Honal 10031947532846003735 10031947532846003735 Yes Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University (DHBW) Mannheim Dorothee Beez 10031947532846003736 10031947532846003736 No Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University (DHBW) Mannheim